diff --git a/src/game/combat.ts b/src/game/combat.ts
index 63e1237..f67e99e 100644
--- a/src/game/combat.ts
+++ b/src/game/combat.ts
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ export interface CombatTest {
   test: (user: Creature, target: Creature) => boolean;
   odds: (user: Creature, target: Creature) => number;
   explain: (user: Creature, target: Creature) => LogEntry;
+  fail: (user: Creature, target: Creature) => LogEntry;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -347,9 +348,15 @@ export interface Combatant {
  * An Action is anything that can be done by a [[Creature]] to a [[Creature]].
  */
 export abstract class Action {
-  constructor (public name: TextLike, public desc: TextLike, public conditions: Array<Condition> = []) {
+  constructor (
+    public name: TextLike,
+    public desc: TextLike,
+    public conditions: Array<Condition> = [],
+    public tests: Array<CombatTest> = []
+  ) {
 
   }
+  // TODO explain the tests in here
 
   allowed (user: Creature, target: Creature): boolean {
     return this.conditions.every(cond => cond.allowed(user, target))
@@ -359,34 +366,44 @@ export abstract class Action {
     return this.name.toString()
   }
 
-  abstract execute (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry
-  abstract describe (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry
-}
+  try (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
+    const failReason = this.tests.find(test => !test.test(user, target))
+    if (failReason !== undefined) {
+      return failReason.fail(user, target)
+    } else {
+      return this.execute(user, target)
+    }
+  }
+
+  describe (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
+    return new LogLines(
+      ...this.tests.map(test => test.explain(user, target))
+    )
+  }
 
-export type TestBundle = {
-  test: CombatTest;
-  fail: PairLine<Creature>;
+  abstract execute (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry
 }
 
 export class CompositionAction extends Action {
   private consequences: Array<Consequence>;
-  private tests: Array<TestBundle>;
 
-  constructor (name: TextLike, desc: TextLike, properties: { conditions?: Array<Condition>; consequences?: Array<Consequence>; tests?: Array<TestBundle> }) {
-    super(name, desc, properties.conditions ?? [])
+  constructor (
+    name: TextLike,
+    desc: TextLike,
+    properties: {
+      conditions?: Array<Condition>;
+      consequences?: Array<Consequence>;
+      tests?: Array<CombatTest>;
+    }
+  ) {
+    super(name, desc, properties.conditions ?? [], properties.tests ?? [])
     this.consequences = properties.consequences ?? []
-    this.tests = properties.tests ?? []
   }
 
   execute (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
-    const failReason = this.tests.find(test => !test.test.test(user, target))
-    if (failReason !== undefined) {
-      return failReason.fail(user, target)
-    } else {
-      return new LogLines(
-        ...this.consequences.filter(consequence => consequence.applicable(user, target)).map(consequence => consequence.apply(user, target))
-      )
-    }
+    return new LogLines(
+      ...this.consequences.filter(consequence => consequence.applicable(user, target)).map(consequence => consequence.apply(user, target))
+    )
   }
 
   describe (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
diff --git a/src/game/combat/actions.ts b/src/game/combat/actions.ts
index 7e94083..45155f3 100644
--- a/src/game/combat/actions.ts
+++ b/src/game/combat/actions.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { StatTest, StatVigorTest, StatVigorSizeTest } from './tests'
 import { DynText, LiveText, TextLike, Verb, PairLine, PairLineArgs } from '../language'
 import { Entity } from '../entity'
 import { Creature } from "../creature"
-import { Damage, DamageFormula, Stat, Vigor, Action, Condition } from '../combat'
+import { Damage, DamageFormula, Stat, Vigor, Action, Condition, CombatTest } from '../combat'
 import { LogLine, LogLines, LogEntry, nilLog } from '../interface'
 import { VoreContainer, Container } from '../vore'
 import { CapableCondition, UserDrainedVigorCondition, TogetherCondition, EnemyCondition, SoloCondition, PairCondition, ContainsCondition, ContainedByCondition, HasRoomCondition } from './conditions'
@@ -28,35 +28,33 @@ export class PassAction extends Action {
  * A generic action that causes damage.
  */
 export abstract class DamageAction extends Action {
-  protected test: StatTest
-
   abstract successLine: PairLineArgs<Creature, { damage: Damage }>
-  abstract failLine: PairLine<Creature>
 
-  constructor (name: TextLike, desc: TextLike, protected damage: DamageFormula, conditions: Condition[] = []) {
+  constructor (name: TextLike, desc: TextLike, protected damage: DamageFormula, tests: CombatTest[], conditions: Condition[] = []) {
     super(
       name,
       desc,
-      [new CapableCondition(), new EnemyCondition()].concat(conditions)
+      [new CapableCondition(), new EnemyCondition()].concat(conditions),
+      tests
     )
-    this.test = new StatTest(Stat.Power, 10)
   }
 
-  execute (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
+  try (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
     const effectResults = target.effects.map(effect => effect.preAttack(target, user))
 
     if (effectResults.some(result => result.prevented)) {
       return new LogLines(...effectResults.map(result => result.log))
-    }
-    if (this.test.test(user, target)) {
-      const damage = this.damage.calc(user, target)
-      const targetResult = target.takeDamage(damage)
-      const ownResult = this.successLine(user, target, { damage: damage })
-      return new LogLines(ownResult, targetResult)
     } else {
-      return this.failLine(user, target)
+      return super.try(user, target)
     }
   }
+
+  execute (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
+    const damage = this.damage.calc(user, target)
+    const targetResult = target.takeDamage(damage)
+    const ownResult = this.successLine(user, target, { damage: damage })
+    return new LogLines(ownResult, targetResult)
+  }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -64,11 +62,23 @@ export abstract class DamageAction extends Action {
  */
 export class AttackAction extends DamageAction {
   constructor (damage: DamageFormula, protected verb: Verb = new Verb('smack')) {
-    super(verb.root.capital, 'Attack the enemy', damage, [new TogetherCondition()])
+    super(
+      verb.root.capital,
+      'Attack the enemy',
+      damage,
+      [new StatTest(
+        Stat.Power,
+        10,
+        (user, target) => new LogLine(
+          `${user.name.capital} ${user.name.conjugate(new Verb('miss', 'misses'))} ${target.name.objective}!`
+        )
+      )],
+      [new TogetherCondition()]
+    )
   }
 
   describe (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
-    return new LogLine(`Attack ${target.name}. `, this.damage.describe(user, target), '. ', this.test.explain(user, target))
+    return new LogLine(`Attack ${target.name}. `, this.damage.describe(user, target), '. ', super.describe(user, target))
   }
 
   successLine: PairLineArgs<Creature, { damage: Damage }> = (user, target, args) => new LogLine(
@@ -85,15 +95,17 @@ export class AttackAction extends DamageAction {
  * Devours the target.
  */
 export class DevourAction extends Action {
-  private test: StatVigorSizeTest
-
   constructor (protected container: Container) {
     super(
       new DynText(new LiveText(container, x => x.consumeVerb.capital), ' (', new LiveText(container, x => x.name.all), ')'),
       new LiveText(container, x => `Try to ${x.consumeVerb} your foe`),
-      [new CapableCondition(), new TogetherCondition(), new HasRoomCondition(container)]
+      [new CapableCondition(), new TogetherCondition(), new HasRoomCondition(container)],
+      [new StatVigorSizeTest(
+        Stat.Power,
+        10,
+        (user, target) => new LogLine(`${user.name.capital} ${user.name.conjugate(new Verb('fail'))} to ${container.consumeVerb} ${target.name.objective}.`)
+      )]
     )
-    this.test = new StatVigorSizeTest(Stat.Power)
   }
 
   allowed (user: Creature, target: Creature): boolean {
@@ -109,20 +121,12 @@ export class DevourAction extends Action {
   }
 
   describe (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
-    return new LogLine(`Try to ${this.container.consumeVerb} your opponent, sending them to your ${this.container.name}. `, this.test.explain(user, target))
+    return new LogLine(`Try to ${this.container.consumeVerb} your opponent, sending them to your ${this.container.name}. `, super.describe(user, target))
   }
 
   execute (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
-    if (this.test.test(user, target)) {
-      return this.container.consume(target)
-    } else {
-      return this.failLine(user, target, { container: this.container })
-    }
+    return this.container.consume(target)
   }
-
-  protected failLine: PairLineArgs<Entity, { container: Container }> = (user, target, args) => new LogLine(
-    `${user.name.capital} ${user.name.conjugate(new Verb('fail'))} to ${args.container.consumeVerb} ${target.name.objective}.`
-  )
 }
 
 /**
@@ -171,40 +175,34 @@ export class FeedAction extends Action {
  * Tries to escape from the target's container
  */
 export class StruggleAction extends Action {
-  private test: StatVigorSizeTest
-
   constructor (public container: Container) {
     super(
       new DynText('Struggle (', new LiveText(container, x => x.name.all), ')'),
       'Try to escape from your foe',
-      [new CapableCondition(), new PairCondition(), new ContainedByCondition(container)]
+      [new CapableCondition(), new PairCondition(), new ContainedByCondition(container)],
+      [new StatVigorSizeTest(
+        Stat.Power,
+        0,
+        (user, target) => new LogLine(`${user.name.capital} ${user.name.conjugate(new Verb('fail'))} to escape from ${target.name.possessive} ${container.name}.`)
+      )]
     )
-    this.test = new StatVigorSizeTest(Stat.Power)
   }
 
   execute (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
     if (user.containedIn !== null) {
-      if (this.test.test(user, target)) {
-        return new LogLines(this.successLine(user, target, { container: this.container }), user.containedIn.release(user))
-      } else {
-        return this.failLine(user, target, { container: this.container })
-      }
+      return new LogLines(this.successLine(user, target, { container: this.container }), user.containedIn.release(user))
     } else {
       return new LogLine("Vore's bugged!")
     }
   }
 
   describe (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
-    return new LogLine(`Try to escape from ${target.name}'s ${this.container.name}. `, this.test.explain(user, target))
+    return new LogLine(`Try to escape from ${target.name}'s ${this.container.name}. `, super.describe(user, target))
   }
 
   protected successLine: PairLineArgs<Entity, { container: Container }> = (prey, pred, args) => new LogLine(
     `${prey.name.capital} ${prey.name.conjugate(new Verb('escape'))} from ${pred.name.possessive} ${args.container.name}.`
   )
-
-  protected failLine: PairLineArgs<Entity, { container: Container }> = (prey, pred, args) => new LogLine(
-    `${prey.name.capital} ${prey.name.conjugate(new Verb('fail'))} to escape from ${pred.name.possessive} ${args.container.name}.`
-  )
 }
 
 export class DigestAction extends Action {
diff --git a/src/game/combat/tests.ts b/src/game/combat/tests.ts
index 44e6fa7..900ef1b 100644
--- a/src/game/combat/tests.ts
+++ b/src/game/combat/tests.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { CombatTest, Stat, Vigor } from '../combat'
 import { Creature } from "../creature"
-import { LogEntry, LogLines, PropElem, LogLine } from '../interface'
+import { LogEntry, LogLines, PropElem, LogLine, nilLog } from '../interface'
 
 function logistic (x0: number, L: number, k: number): (x: number) => number {
   return (x: number) => {
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ function logistic (x0: number, L: number, k: number): (x: number) => number {
 // TODO this will need to be able to return a LogEntry at some point
 
 abstract class RandomTest implements CombatTest {
+  constructor (public fail: (user: Creature, target: Creature) => LogEntry) {
+
+  }
+
   test (user: Creature, target: Creature): boolean {
     const userFail = user.effects.map(effect => effect.failTest(user, target))
     if (userFail.some(result => result.failed)) {
@@ -32,8 +36,8 @@ export class StatVigorSizeTest extends RandomTest {
   private f: (x: number) => number
   private k = 0.1
 
-  constructor (public readonly stat: Stat, private bias = 0) {
-    super()
+  constructor (public readonly stat: Stat, private bias = 0, fail: (user: Creature, target: Creature) => LogEntry) {
+    super(fail)
     this.f = logistic(0, 1, this.k)
   }
 
@@ -57,10 +61,9 @@ export class StatVigorSizeTest extends RandomTest {
       userPercent *= 4
     }
 
-    userPercent *= Math.sqrt(user.voreStats.Mass)
-    targetPercent *= Math.sqrt(target.voreStats.Mass)
+    const sizeOffset = Math.log2(user.voreStats.Mass / target.voreStats.Mass)
 
-    return this.f(this.bias + user.stats[this.stat] * userPercent - target.stats[this.stat] * targetPercent)
+    return this.f(this.bias + sizeOffset * 5 + user.stats[this.stat] * userPercent - target.stats[this.stat] * targetPercent)
   }
 
   explain (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
@@ -84,11 +87,12 @@ export class StatVigorSizeTest extends RandomTest {
     if (targetPercent === 0) {
       userPercent *= 4
     }
-    userPercent *= Math.sqrt(user.voreStats.Mass)
-    targetPercent *= Math.sqrt(target.voreStats.Mass)
+
+    const sizeOffset = Math.log2(user.voreStats.Mass / target.voreStats.Mass)
+
     const userMod = user.stats[this.stat] * userPercent
     const targetMod = target.stats[this.stat] * targetPercent
-    const delta = userMod - targetMod
+    const delta = userMod - targetMod + sizeOffset * 5
 
     if (delta === 0) {
       result = new LogLine('You and the target have the same effective', new PropElem(this.stat), '.')
@@ -108,8 +112,8 @@ export class StatVigorTest extends RandomTest {
   private f: (x: number) => number
   private k = 0.1
 
-  constructor (public readonly stat: Stat, private bias = 0) {
-    super()
+  constructor (public readonly stat: Stat, private bias = 0, fail: (user: Creature, target: Creature) => LogEntry) {
+    super(fail)
     this.f = logistic(0, 1, this.k)
   }
 
@@ -179,8 +183,8 @@ export class StatTest extends RandomTest {
   private f: (x: number) => number
   private k = 0.1
 
-  constructor (public readonly stat: Stat, private bias = 0) {
-    super()
+  constructor (public readonly stat: Stat, private bias = 0, fail: (user: Creature, target: Creature) => LogEntry) {
+    super(fail)
     this.f = logistic(0, 1, this.k)
   }
 
@@ -207,8 +211,8 @@ export class StatTest extends RandomTest {
 }
 
 export class ChanceTest extends RandomTest {
-  constructor (public readonly chance: number) {
-    super()
+  constructor (public readonly chance: number, fail: (user: Creature, target: Creature) => LogEntry) {
+    super(fail)
   }
 
   odds (user: Creature, target: Creature): number {
diff --git a/src/game/creature.ts b/src/game/creature.ts
index 5c62873..d6fef26 100644
--- a/src/game/creature.ts
+++ b/src/game/creature.ts
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ export class Creature extends Vore implements Combatant {
     if (blocking.length > 0) {
       return new LogLines(...blocking.map(result => result.log))
     } else {
-      return action.execute(this, target)
+      return action.try(this, target)
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/game/creatures/geta.ts b/src/game/creatures/geta.ts
index c45e6b7..5dea6ec 100644
--- a/src/game/creatures/geta.ts
+++ b/src/game/creatures/geta.ts
@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ export class Geta extends Creature {
             new ContainsCondition(cock)
           ],
           tests: [
-            {
-              test: new ChanceTest(0.5),
-              fail: (user, target) => new LogLine(
-                `${user.name.capital.possessive} cock clenches hard around ${target.name.objective}, but ${target.pronouns.subjective} ${target.name.conjugate(new Verb("avoid"))} being crushed.`
+            new ChanceTest(
+              0.5,
+              (user, target) => new LogLine(
+                  `${user.name.capital.possessive} cock clenches hard around ${target.name.objective}, but ${target.pronouns.subjective} ${target.name.conjugate(new Verb("avoid"))} being crushed.`
               )
-            }
+            )
           ],
           consequences: [
             new LogConsequence(
diff --git a/src/game/creatures/kenzie.ts b/src/game/creatures/kenzie.ts
index 813a2db..838d447 100644
--- a/src/game/creatures/kenzie.ts
+++ b/src/game/creatures/kenzie.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import { VoreType, Stomach } from '../vore'
 import { Side, Damage, DamageType, Vigor, StatDamageFormula, Stat, VoreStat, DamageFormula } from '../combat'
 import { AttackAction, DevourAction } from '../combat/actions'
 import { LogEntry, LogLines } from '../interface'
-import { StatTest } from '../combat/tests'
 import { StunEffect, PredatorCounterEffect } from '../combat/effects'
 
 class StompAttack extends AttackAction {
@@ -13,19 +12,14 @@ class StompAttack extends AttackAction {
       damage,
       verb
     )
-    this.test = new StatTest(Stat.Power)
   }
 
   execute (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
-    if (this.test.test(user, target)) {
-      const damage = this.damage.calc(user, target)
-      const targetResult = target.takeDamage(damage)
-      const ownResult = this.successLine(user, target, { damage: damage })
-      const effResult = target.applyEffect(new StunEffect(3))
-      return new LogLines(ownResult, targetResult, effResult)
-    } else {
-      return this.failLine(user, target)
-    }
+    const damage = this.damage.calc(user, target)
+    const targetResult = target.takeDamage(damage)
+    const ownResult = this.successLine(user, target, { damage: damage })
+    const effResult = target.applyEffect(new StunEffect(3))
+    return new LogLines(ownResult, targetResult, effResult)
   }
 }
 export class Kenzie extends Creature {
diff --git a/src/game/creatures/shingo.ts b/src/game/creatures/shingo.ts
index 52c0538..b4ec908 100644
--- a/src/game/creatures/shingo.ts
+++ b/src/game/creatures/shingo.ts
@@ -8,20 +8,18 @@ import { ContainsCondition, CapableCondition, EnemyCondition, TargetDrainedVigor
 import { StatTest } from '../combat/tests'
 
 export class TrappedAction extends DamageAction {
-  protected test: StatTest
-
   constructor (name: TextLike, desc: TextLike, protected verb: Verb, protected damage: DamageFormula, container: Container, conditions: Condition[] = []) {
     super(
       name,
       desc,
       damage,
+      [],
       [new CapableCondition(), new ContainsCondition(container), new EnemyCondition()].concat(conditions)
     )
-    this.test = new StatTest(Stat.Power)
   }
 
   describe (user: Creature, target: Creature): LogEntry {
-    return new LogLine(`Chew on ${target.name}. `, this.damage.describe(user, target), '. ', this.test.explain(user, target))
+    return new LogLine(`Chew on ${target.name}. `, this.damage.describe(user, target), '. ')
   }
 
   successLine: PairLineArgs<Creature, { damage: Damage }> = (user, target, args) => new LogLine(
diff --git a/src/game/creatures/withers.ts b/src/game/creatures/withers.ts
index d343165..bd2fe7d 100644
--- a/src/game/creatures/withers.ts
+++ b/src/game/creatures/withers.ts
@@ -262,15 +262,12 @@ class StompAllyAction extends Action {
 }
 
 class DevourAllAction extends GroupAction {
-  private test: CombatTest
-
   constructor (private container: VoreContainer) {
     super('Devour All', 'GULP!', [
       new TogetherCondition(),
       new EnemyCondition(),
       new CapableCondition()
     ])
-    this.test = new StatVigorTest(Stat.Power)
   }
 
   line = (user: Creature, target: Creature) => new LogLine(`${user.name.capital} ${user.name.conjugate(new Verb('scoop'))} ${target.name} up!`)
@@ -287,7 +284,7 @@ class DevourAllAction extends GroupAction {
   }
 
   executeGroup (user: Creature, targets: Array<Creature>): LogEntry {
-    return new LogLines(...targets.filter(target => this.test.test(user, target)).map(target => this.execute(user, target)).concat(
+    return new LogLines(...targets.map(target => this.execute(user, target)).concat(
       [
         new Newline(),
         this.groupLine(user, { count: targets.length })